5/21/2023 0 Comments Freefilesync reviews![]() ![]() Its price is by subscription, having to pay between two or three dollars per PC. donations from usersto finance its ongoing expenses in software development and support. For companies it is one of the best programs to synchronize directories with a central server and take control of company backups. No, FreeFileSync is completely ad-free Before version 10, FreeFileSync had shown a single advertisement during installation to help fund the project. This software allows us to synchronize our data locally or with the cloud in a simple, fast and, above all, secure way. On the other hand, for those looking for a commercial alternative, we have GoodSync. One of the most popular is Syncthing, another free and open source software (although without restrictions this time) that allows us to synchronize our data between two or more computers over the network with data encryption and authentication. In addition to FreeFileSync, there are also other programs, both free and paid, that allow us to easily synchronize directories to always have the same files in both. As for the system requirements, in the case of Windows we must have XP or higher, on Mac an OS X 10.8 version or higher and on Linux any distro. The program is full featured yet not bloated. But also allows many advanced tweaks like what to do with deleted files etc. This software has a streamlined interface that allows access to the most frequently used features quickly. All FreeFileSync reviews, submitted ratings and written comments become the. one of the best sync program I've found for windows+ubuntu. The folder structure is there and some files are still showing up, but even those appear to be corrupt. However, you would consider scripting or/and centralized management options when you need to manage multiple systems. Instead of the ads, and after FreeFileSync has proven useful to you, please think about supporting with a donation. FreeFileSync 12.2 download - Windows 7 - Freeware application that enables. FreeFileSync destroyed my files Ive just run FFS to refresh my photo backup, and the external HDD I was copying from now shows almost no files. For most users, FreeFileSync indeed does a great job. DirSync Pro is a compact but extremely powerful software used for syncing files and folders. Its even better with the Platform for easy installs and automatic updates. It is available on Windows, Linux and macOS. If you have already used FreeFileSync, please feel free to share your reviews here. FreeFileSync Portable can run from a cloud folder, external drive, or local folder without installing into Windows. FreeFileSync is a free and open-source program used for file synchronization. The FreeFileSync project is 100 dependent on ad revenue and donations to stay alive. FreeFileSync is an open source and free file sync software available for Windows, macOS. And it supports both 32-bit and 64-bit systems. FreeFileSync is Open Source software, available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. This program is available for Windows, macOS and Linux users. ![]()
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5/20/2023 0 Comments Boomerang pillow![]() ![]() Additional delivery fees and charges may apply to Woolworths groceries, and a shipping fee will apply to an Everyday Market order if that order (excluding Woolworths groceries) does not meet the advertised free shipping threshold. Bulkier, heavier or larger items may incur additional shipping fees. Pillow Protector, Sleeping Pillows Dr Mary (Boomerang) 36.00 Queen Size Pillow From 110.00 Pillow Protector, Sleeping Pillows From 30.00 New Hybrid Side Back Sleeper Pillow From 115.00 Dr. Suicide Squad Joker, Harley Quinn, Killer Croc, Diabo, Katana, Captain Boomerang Inspired 20' by 14' Repurposed Decorative Pillow. Woolworths reserves the right to vary the terms of this offer at any time without notice. Retro Vintage MCM look Barkcloth pillow cover with fun boomerangs, wavy lines lime green, aqua and olive against a tan and white Background. ![]() ![]() The unique plush fiberfill offers more support, loft and resiliency than traditional fibers. This revolutionary boomerang pillow is a generously sized v shaped pillow that actually can replace two standard pillows on your bed thus eliminating the. I Am The Small Boomerang Pillow 20.5 x 21 Zipper closure Ideal for all types of sleepers Hypoallergenic down alternative fiber fill allows for comfort. Offer may be redeemed on multiple Everyday Market orders during the Promotional Period and will be automatically applied at checkout. This boomerang shaped pillow is perfectly constructed for maximum support in any position. During the applicable Promotional Period, customers will not pay an Everyday Market shipping fee for Everyday Market orders of $50 or more (incl GST). This revolutionary boomerang pillow is a generously sized V-shaped pillow that actually can replace two standard pillows on your bed thus eliminating the need. Promotion runs from 00:01 AEST 20 April 2023 to 23:59 AEST 4 July 2023 for all customers ("Promotional Period"). Please always check the product label or enquire with the manufacturer before consuming. Product information is intended as a guide only as products may change from time to time. Our Never Flat fiber technology keeps your pillow from getting flat by simply washing and fluffing it back to shape. Enjoy extra support while resting in bed. Woolworths does not ensure the accuracy or suitability of the information on this page. This pillow is made with a 233-thread count, 100 cotton cover and filled with our hypoallergenic premium blown Never Flat down alternative cluster fibers for comfort and firm support in any sleep position. The Bambi Sensitiva Boomerang Pillow is an extremely versatile pillow that draws focus on comfort and practicality. This product is sold and shipped by our Everyday Market Partner who has provided all relevant product information for this listing. ![]() 5/20/2023 0 Comments Tinyumbrella java error mac![]() ![]() (Click on the appropriate download link in the right sidebar under Downloads/Links on the download page).Ĭheck our TinyUmbrella category page for the latest coverage about the tool. He has indicated that it maybe possible to downgrade to older iOS version using the SHSH blobs. Semaphone, developer of TinyUmbrella has recently released a new version of the tool that supports iOS 8.2 or lower. So you cannot restore to 6.x using SHSH blobs except on iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, and iPod touch 4G (and iPad 2 to iOS 5.x if you have iOS 4.x and iOS 5.x SHS blobs).ĭespite the lack of support for new iOS versions, it is considered a good practice to take a backup of the SHSH blobs, so if someone discovers a way to hack the restore process in the future to again using the custom IPSW firmware file, then the SHSH blobs would come in handy. Tools like TinyUmbrella have allowed you to save the SHSH blobs, so you can use it to create (stitch) a pre-signed IPSW file, which could then be used to restore your device with an iOS version that Apple was no longer signing.Īpple has closed the loophole that allowed users to use the SHSH blobs in newer devices (iPhone 4S and later) and also in iOS 7 or later. Enter Recovery Mode: Push device into recovery mode. Downgrade: Revert device to an older iOS version. Device Information: View device information including serial number. For example: If Apple allowed users to downgrade their device, they could downgrade back to iOS 8.1.2, which was the last iOS software update that could be jailbroken using the TaiG and PPJailbreak.Īpple stops signing the firmware files (by not providing SHSH blobs) for older iOS versions to prevent users from downgrading. Features of TinyUmbrella Advanced Mode: Access advanced settings for more control. Step 2: TinyUmbrella requires Java, so you’ll need to make sure that JRE 8.0 is installed on your machine. ![]() ![]() Mount the volume, and drag TinyUmbrella.app to your Applications folder. If you’re using a Mac, I recommend using the app only option. Apple allows you to restore to the latest iOS versions only to prevent users from downgrading to an older iOS version, which would have made it easier to jailbreak the iOS device. Step 1: Go to our downloads page and Download the TinyUmbrella beta for your system. ![]() 5/20/2023 0 Comments Gimp curve text![]() ![]() Although Google Docs doesn’t have an in-built option to curve the text, it’s easily done with other programs. You can add text bubbles if you plan on using Google Docs for writing comics or make text vertical for flyers. With so many fun options Google Docs offers for editing text, one only has to start playing with different features. Once you create curved words, save the image, and upload it to your Google Docs. All you’ve got to do is choose one and follow the steps we’ve outlined in the section at the top of the article. For example, TroyGram, MockoFun, and PicMonkey are user-friendly. Since Google Docs doesn’t have an option to create the curved text, the only way to do so is to use other programs. Click on “Save and Close” to add it to Google Docs.Tap on the “Shape” icon and then on “Callouts.”.Google Docs can also add a text bubble, which can be useful if you use this program to write a comic. How Can I Create Text Bubble in Google Docs? Tap on “Save and Close” for it to show in Google Docs.Create a text box by dragging the mouse over this picture.Drag the image and drop it in the background.Open the image you want to use and minimize it.To place an image behind the text, follow the steps below: They can be upside down and even look like a medieval text if you select “Enchanted” under “Characters.” Explore all the exciting features this add-on has! How Do I Put an Image Behind Text in Google Docs? Words can become rainbow color instead of the standard colors. Go to “Add-ons” and hover over “Fun Text.”.Click on the pen next to it to select border color.Īnother way to make text cool is to use an add-on:.Choose the text color by hitting the paint bucket icon.Change the font by clicking on the “Font” tab.Select “Insert,” “Drawing,” and then “New.”.One of the easy methods is to use Word Art: There are various ways to make the text look cool in Google Docs. Finish by tapping on “Save and Close.” How Do You Make Cool Text on Google Docs?.Tap “Save and Close” to add it to Google Docs.Carefully rotate the text to make it vertical.Tap on the dot above the text to rotate the text.Click on “Insert,” “Drawing,” and then “New.”.Follow the steps below to make text vertical: Click on “Save and Close” to add to Google Docs.ĭid you know it’s possible to change text orientation in Google Docs? That’s right this is a useful option if you use Google Docs to create flyers.Use a mouse to draw it in the background.The text box will now appear in your document.īut why stop there? Say you want to use a specific shape as a text box:.Finish by clicking on “Save and Close.”.Draw a text box by dragging the mouse and releasing it when you’re done.Click on the down-arrow next to the “Line” icon. Click on the “Insert” tab from the main menu.Reminder: Downloading isn’t possible with PicMonkey unless you start a free trial, so keep that in mind. Your curved text image should now appear in your Google Doc.Continue to download the file to your PC, then upload it to Google Docs by clicking “Insert -> Image -> Upload from computer.”.A valid credit card is required, but you can cancel before the 7-day trial ends if desired. If you performed a fresh install of PicMonkey, accept the popup for the free trial.When satisfied with your curved text design, click on “Download” in the top-right section.In the text menu that displays on the left side of your screen, choose “Curved text.”.Type your new text in the box provided.A text box with “Type here” appears In the image editing window.Click on “Add text” in the frame next to the image options menu.In the image options menu on the left side, select “Text.”.Click on “Make it!” in the top-right section.On the PicMonkey website, click on “File” in the top-left section.Once you visit the website, here’s what you should do: PicMonkey is another famous editing tool you can use to create curved text. “Spacing” enables you to adjust the spacing between letters. For example, the “Curving” tab lets users choose the type of curve from the drop-down menu and the size. If you want to make the curved text even more interesting, however, explore other MockoFun options. Click on “Insert” and then “Upload from computer.”.Confirm by clicking “Download” once more.Tap on “Download” from the sidebar menu on the left. If that’s enough for you, all you’ve got to do is save the image and upload it to Google Docs.Delete the words from the box below the curved text, then start typing your text.Once you do, it will appear on a white background.Click on “Text” from the sidebar menu on the left. ![]() 5/20/2023 0 Comments Red hot timer countdown![]() Below is a list of highly regarded timer apps for both platforms.ħ. Features of the watch include vibrating and audible alerts, repeatable time segments and 12- or 24-hour clock options.Īside from the physical timers that you can purchase in stores there are also many timer apps available in the Apple iTunes Store and the Google Play Store. The Time Timer watch gives teens and young adults independence while helping them to get a better understanding of time. The watch has three features: A clock, alarm and countdown timer. Time Timer Watch The Time Timer watch is a great product for young adults with autism or ADHD. The timer is a 60 minute timer, that blinks yellow with 10 minutes left and red with one minute left. Amco Color Alert Timer While this timer was designed with the kitchen in mind, it can also be used for your child with special needs. The Amco Color Alert Timer is useful if you are looking for an inexpensive timer or looking for the added bonus of kitchen use. You can set a timer for up to 23 hours and decide if you would like an audible alarm or not. A clear spoken voice will announce the time of day or how much time remains until the count down elapses. The Lux Talking Timer offers the flexibility to be used as either a precise clock or as a count up/count down timer. Alarm times on the Mini can be set from 5 minutes to 2 hours, in 5-minute increments. The Time Tracker Mini is half the size of the original Time Tracker (4.75 inches tall) and operates easily with just 2 dials. Time Tracker Mini The Time Tracker Mini is a smaller more simple version of the Time Tracker. Time Tracker features volume control, a pause feature and quick programming of the lights and sound effects. Following along the lines of a traffic light, Time Tracker uses colors to notify a child that his or her time is almost up. Time Tracker & Time Tracker Mini Time Tracker is a great visual tool for children with special needs. Time Timers come in three, eight and 12 inch sizes, perfect for the classroom, in your home or on the go. With an uncluttered interface, silent operation and optional audible alert this timer works great in almost any setting. ![]() Time Timers Recommended by Autism and ADHD experts, Time Timer is one of the most popular visual timers available on the market. We have gathered together 20 visual timers that can help your child with special needs. So where can you find a visual timer for your child? It also gives them an understanding that every activity is limited to a set amount of time. Children with special needs, especially children with autism have difficulty with moving from one activity or event to another.Īn effective solution to help with transitions has been the use of visual timers. Visual timers help teach the concept of time to children with special needs. If you have a child with special needs you now how difficult transitions are. Get an ||logic:if then|| block from Logic and put it in the ||input:on button pressed||.Products 20 Visual Timers For Children With Special Needs.In Input, find an ||input:on button pressed|| an put it somewhere on the workspace.The time count of seconds will increase by 10 each time the button is pressed. We’ll use button A to add 10 seconds to our time count. We’ll use one button for adding 10 seconds and another button for adding just 1 second. We’ll use the buttons to set the amount of time by adding both 10 seconds and single seconds. There has to be a way to set the time on your watch. Let seconds = 0 Set the time with buttons Place the variable into the ||basic:on start|| block. Drag out a ||variables:set to|| block and change the name with the dropdown to seconds. Ok, in Variables click on Make a Variable.Go into Basic in the toolbox and pull an ||basic:on start|| on to the workspace.We need a variable to keep track of how many seconds are left on the watch. Duration: ~10 minutes Make the time variable ![]() Let’s make a countdown timer and see the seconds tick by on your micro:bit watch. ![]() ![]() ![]() Have fun and enjoy! The Manual Setup Guide(Skip if you used the autopatchers, and they seemed to work): Step 0: Note: The script will ask you if it needs help, so make sure you read what it says! It can apply another fix for one of the issues below(freeze at startup) and will ask you if you want to fix it.Ĭongratulations Space Engineers should now work properly on Linux. Find out more at winehq: ĭownload(Save to downloads) this python script: although the newest version is recommended). Step 1:Įnsure prerequisites are installed and up to date. Then verify the integrity of your game files in Steam. If you want you can scroll down and find the manual instruction on what this patcher automates. Using your favorite terminal/console program, cd into the directory and run 'java -jar PatcherGUI.jar' The Old Automated Setup Guide: This will create the wineprefix and modify the config file for you. You can open your terminal/console of choice and cd into the directory where the PatcherGUI.jar file is located, and run 'sudo chmod a+x PatcherGUI.jar' Step 4) Open the GUI through command line On some Distros and Desktop Environments you can simply right click on the PatcherGUI.jar file, then click properties > Permissions and ensure the check box: Is executable is marked. Some distros special circumstances do not allow you to simply double click the jar and have it run. IF YOU CAN NOT START THE PatcherGUI.jar, because computers… THEN CONTINUE. The program should be fairly intuitive and has a built-in help feature. Simply double click it and it should open. If you would like to look at the source code or compile it yourself it is in this repository as Source-PatchGUI.java Step 2) Run it If it is not you can search the internet for a specific guide on how to install it for your particular Linux distribution. This should be standard on most modern Linux systems. This java program simply requires Java 7 or later. ![]() Step 0) Prerequisites Note: Ensure you have proton setup and configured prorperly. New Automated Setup Guide: This can patch the original SE DOTNET issue and several others. The solution is to increase your file limits(the specific solution is in the original post of the issue linked previously). NOTE: Space Engineers and presumable many other proton games will fail with a 'too many files open' error as seen here: #35 while using OpenRC instead of systemd. SpaceEngineers does not work when installed on NFS SpaceEngineers.exe becomes zombie on exit Game hardlocks(sometimes including entire OS) when using 5700/5700xt Game crashes shortly after start with System.OutOfMemoryException: Array dimensions exceeded supported range. Mouse/Keyboard issues when changing window focus(alt+tab) If not, you can check around the internet for guides that can explain it much better than I can! Here is a list of Known Issues, and potential solutions: This is currently the easiest solution to getting Space Engineers to run smoothly using DotNet: This guide assumes you have already have Steamplay/Proton installed with all of the prerequisites and such, as well as Space Engineers, and winetricks. ![]() 5/20/2023 0 Comments Nodebox rotate individual shapes![]() ![]() Nodebox is currently the only cross-browser Node.js runtime supporting all the latest browsers: Every page visitor gets their own Nodebox instance automatically.Easy and instant reset - simply refresh the page/iframe.No emulation, so Node.js would run exactly the same way as locally.A perfect 1:1 environment as compared to your local setup (at least, if you're using a Unix-based system).You can run any language, database, command.You get dedicated resources, with no resource limits enforced by the browser.In this section, we'll explain the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. The differences between a VM and NodeboxĪs mentioned in the previous section, we solved server-side sandboxes in CodeSandbox by using Firecracker VMs. Nodebox gives you the same user experience you have come to expect from Sandpack, which means a near-instant server-side JavaScript environment at the click of a button-built for experimentation, examples and documentation. To solve this problem, we built Nodebox, a runtime that runs entirely in the browser, eliminating the need for a network connection and infrastructure. Unfortunately, as VMs live in the cloud, they require infrastructure and a network connection, resulting in a higher cost compared to our client-side sandboxes. At CodeSandbox we have solved this by using Firecracker VMs, allowing us to bring your entire development environment to the cloud regardless of the programming language or tooling you might be using. ![]() However, server-side JavaScript remained a challenge. This improves the learning, experimentation and sharing experience of client-side JavaScript code. With sandpack-bundler, we allowed any developer anywhere to instantly create a fast, local, shareable playground inside their browser, without having to wait forever to install dependencies and fight with devtools. This will rotate the text within the shape to 180°, as shown in Figure 8.Nodebox is a runtime for executing Node.js modules in the browser.| Rotate Right 90° option, as shown in Figure 7. To do so, access the Arrange drop-down menu and choose the Rotate Select the shape and rotate the shape to 90°.Figure 6 below shows the shape after it has been flipped horizontally.To do so, access the Arrange drop-down menu and choose the Rotate |įlip Horizontal option, as shown in Figure 5. This will Rotate the text within your shape to 90°, as shown in Figure 4.Note: Learn more about the text direction options in ourĪlign Text within Shapes / Text Boxes in PowerPoint 2016 tutorial, where you can (highlighted in green within Figure 3) from the drop-down menu. Then, within the Textbox option (highlighted in blue withinįigure 3), select the Text Direction down-arrow and select the Rotate all text 90° option Within theįormat Shape task pane, make sure you select the Text Options tab (highlighted in red Now, right-click the shape and from the contextual menu, select the Format Shape option to open the Format Shape Task Pane, as shown Figure 3.Text within the inserted shape, as shown in Figure 2. Tutorial, we'll show you a step by step procedure that will allow you to rotate text 180° within a shape inįigure 1: Sample shapes show various text rotationįollow these steps to learn more in PowerPoint 2016 for Windows: ![]() Teardrop shape highlighted in red within the rightmost graphic of Figure 1 has a problem! In this And one of the Teardrops was fine to start with, so only the That's easier said than done! We rotated the textīut were only able to successfully rotate text for 2 Teardrop shapes (90° and 270°). Clearly the text within the shapes needs to be rotated as well. If you were to rotate individual Teardrop shapes so that they can form a flower, then you will end up with something similar to the middle graphic Notice that this graphic contains four Teardrop shapes. Look at the graphic that you see towards the left in Figure 1, below. Tutorial pertains to shapes, there's no reason why you cannot follow the same steps to rotate all other types of text containers by 180 degrees in the Tip: This technique is not limited to shapes it works with all text containers including text boxes and placeholders. ![]() 5/20/2023 0 Comments Doxygen cheatsheet![]() ![]() ![]() This page contains the subsections \ref subsection1 and \ref subsection2.This Markdown cheat sheet provides a quick overview of all the Markdown syntax elements. Note 2: The \overload command does not work inside a one-line comment. To prevent that document reorders the documentation you should set SORT_MEMBER_DOCS to NO in this case. Note 1: You are responsible that there is indeed an earlier documented member that is overloaded by this one. If the documentation for the overloaded member function is not located in front of the function declaration or definition, the optional argument should be used to specify the correct function.Īny other documentation that is inside the documentation block will by appended after the generated message. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.' `This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. This command can be used to generate the following standard text for an overloaded member function: It can be used in combination with member grouping to avoid that doxygen puts a member group as a subgroup of a Public/Protected/Private/. This command can be put in the documentation of a class. Indicates that a comment block contains documentation for a namespace with name. See section Member Groups for an example. block containing the members of the group. The comment block should be followed by a. This command turns a comment block into a header definition of a member group. See also: section \section, section \subsection and section \page. You can refer to the main page using \ref index (if the treeview is disabled, otherwise you should use \ref main). * \subsection step1 Step 1: Opening the box If you do not want any title you can specify notitle as the argument of \mainpage. The title argument is optional and replaces the default title that doxygen normally generates. If the \mainpage command is placed in a comment block the block is used to customize the index page (in HTML) or the first chapter (in ). You can use INTERNAL_DOCS in the config file to show or hide the internal documentation. Only a new section at the same level will be visible again. If the \internal command is put inside a section (see for example \section) all subsection after the command are considered to be internal as well. This command writes the message `For internal use only' to the output and all text after an \internal command until the end of the comment block or the end of the section (whichever comes first) is marked as "internal". The arguments are equal to the \class command. Indicates that a comment block contains documentation for an interface with name. See also: page Grouping, sections \defgroup, \addtogroup and \weakgroup If the \ingroup command is placed in a comment block of a class, file or namespace, then it will be added to the group or groups identified by. By putting this command in a comment block of a define or variable, the initializer is always hidden. * \exception std::out_of_range parameter is out of range.įor the corresponding HTML documentation that is generated by doxygen.īy default the value of a define and the initializer of a variable are displayed unless they are longer than 30 lines. *! \fn const char *Test::member(char c,int n) If (round) braces are used the argument extends until the end of the line on which the command was found. If braces are used the argument is a single word. ![]() Some commands have one or more arguments. Doxygen manual: Special Commands Special CommandsĪll commands in the documentation start with a backslash ( \) or an at-sign ( If you prefer you can replace all commands starting with a backslash below, by their counterparts that start with an at-sign. ![]() 5/20/2023 0 Comments Parklife line up saturday![]() ![]() Sign-up for presale tickets here and check out the line-up below. Pre-sale tickets go live on Thursday at 10:AM, while general sale tickets are released on Friday at 10:AM. Tickets are priced £85 + booking fee for the day, with full weekend tickets available from £129.50 + booking fee. On top of the line-up, Parklife has announced that it has expanded the venue of Heaton Park to create 10 stages with takeovers from the likes of Glitterbox, XXL, BBC Radio 1 Dance, DnB All Stars and Worried About Henry. hit the big time by turning his life into a symphony Other notable acts include FLO, Shygirl, Mimi Webb, Meekz, Mike Skinner, JPEGMAFIA, Self Esteem, Confidence Man and Raye. Names set to appear from the dance music world include Skrillex, Peggy Gou, Rudimental (Live), Chase & Status (DJ set), Carl Cox, Overmono, Nia Archives, Andy C, Annie Mac, Eliza Rose, Honey Dijon, Jyoty, an exclusive Michael Bibi b2b Jamie Jones set, and many more. ![]() This year’s festival will also see hip hop icons Wu-Tang Clan and Nas unite for their ‘NY State Of Mind’ show, marking the first time both acts will share a stage in the UK. The likes of Bonobo, Sigrid and Skepta will. Read this next: The 31 best The Prodigy tracks ranked The xx play on Saturday, along with Giggs, Bugzy Malone, Stefflon Don, and pop superstars Jessie Ware and Lorde. ![]() I don’t care what happens after this, I’m happy." Speaking about exclusive UK headline performance, Aitch says: “It’s been one of my main goals since I started music so for it to be happening now at this point is unreal. Parklife has revealed its full line-up for 2023, with headliners including Fred again., The Prodigy and Little Simz.įurther headliners joining them at Manchester's Heaton Park across June 10 and 11 include The 1975 and Manchester’s own Aitch who is “buzzin” for his first major UK festival headline slot. ![]() 5/20/2023 0 Comments William of ockham![]() ![]() The universal is the object of abstractive knowledge. Real things are known to us by intuitive knowledge, and not by abstraction. The universal, he says, has no existence in the world of reality. William's best known contribution to Scholastic philosophy is his theory of universals, which is a modified form of Nominalism, more closely allied to Conceptualism than to Nominalism of the extreme type. In ethics he is a voluntarist, maintaining that all distinction between right and wrong depends on the will of God. These truths, he teaches, are known to us by Revelation alone. His skepticism appears in his doctrine that human reason can prove neither the immortality of the soul nor the existence, unity, and infinity of God. Thus, in the process of simplification he denied the existence of intentional species, rejected the distinction between essence and existence, and protested against the Thomistic doctrine of active and passive intellect. With this tendency towards simplification was united a very marked tendency towards skepticism a distrust, namely, of the ability of the human mind to reach certitude in the most important problems of philosophy. This aim he formulated in the celebrated "Law of Parsimony", commonly called "Ockham's Razor": "Entia non sunt multiplicanda sine necessitate". ![]() The aim of this reformation movement in general was simplification. In philosophy William advocated a reform of Scholasticism both in method and in content. He even went so far as to advocate the validity of the adulterous marriage of Louis's son, on the grounds of political expediency, and the absolute power of the State in such matters. He denies the right of the popes to exercise temporal power, or to interfere in any way whatever in the affairs of the Empire. In his controversial writings William of Ockham appears as the advocate of secular absolutism. It was to Louis that he made the boastful offer, "Tu me defendas gladio ego te defendam calamo". ![]() He was cited before the pontifical Court at Avignon in 1328, but managed to escape and join John of Jandun and Marsilius of Padua, who had taken refuge at the Court of Louis of Bavaria. In the controversies which were waged at that time between the advocates of the papacy and those who supported the claims of the civil power, he threw his lot with the imperial party, and contributed to the polemical literature of the day a number of pamphlets and treatises, of which the most important are "Opus nonaginta dierum", "Compendium errorum Joannis Papæ XXII", "Quæstiones octo de auctoritate summi pontificis". ![]() In 1323 he resigned his chair at the university in order to devote himself to ecclesiastical politics. During this portion of his career he composed his works on Aristotelean physics and on logic. About 1320 he became a teacher (magister) at the University of Paris. Towards 1310 he went to Paris, where he may have had Scotus once more for a teacher. At an early age he entered the Order of St. He is said to have studied at Merton College, Oxford, and to have had John Duns Scotus for teacher. 104645 Catholic Encyclopedia - William of Ockham William Turner (1871-1936)įourteenth-century Scholastic philosopher and controversial writer, born at or near the village of Ockham in Surrey, England, about 1280 died probably at Munich, about 1349. ![]() |